Apparatus for artificial respiration.



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Patented Dec. 26, 1916.

w. G. CLARK. APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 26.19I2- Maw I \I w R L 6 4 a WII e LI LIHHIIHIIIIHHIIHIIH 10 L\ V 0, I F AL A r S ILLLILLII R L W. G, CLARK.

APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

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- 1,210,149. Patented Dec. 26,1916.

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Z Z" I A5" 0' o E t /0' 'U' 5 l a /6 \JJ 272 I 24 2 4' WALTER e. CLARK,or new roan, N. Y.

APPARATUS non ARTIFICIAL nnsrmnrroiv.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedDec. 2c, 1916.

Application filed December 26, 1912. Serial No. 738,681.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER G. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forArtificial Respiration, of which the following is a specificationaccompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to apparatus for causing artificial respiration,for use, among others, in cases offdrowning, gas suffocation, suspendedanimation, and in practically all cases in which it is necessary toproduce or increase respiratory action.

One of the primary objects of the invention is to produce a machine ofthis character in which the moving parts are actu ated by means otherthan the gas used in the pump itself, so that simple and im proved meansare provided for artificially inflating and exhausting the lungs whichclosely simulatethe physical acts of inhalation and exhalation in man orbeast.

Further objects of the invention are to enable the operation of themachine to be so controlled and varied as to speed, stroke, and time ofoperations, that different conditions may be met or provided for as theyarise. This flexibility of control is important, as Without it, theusefulness of the machine would be more limited in scope.

One preferred form of machine is shown in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a topplan view; Fig. '3is an end elevation partly in transverse sec tion onthe line 33 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 4 isa detail view of part of the pump operating mechanism; Fig. 5'is a faceview of a suitable mask; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary detail sec tional viewof the mask; Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views of a tongue clip; Figs. 9and 10 are detail views of a mouth clip; and Fig. 11 is a frontelevation of a modified form of apparatus.

Referringto the drawings, ,A' represents a suitable wheeled frame orcarriage, constructed to support the workingparts of the apparatus. Thepumping apparatus may be mounted on the shelf B, the actuating motor maybe supported on the shelf 0, and provision is preferably made for a gastank D underneath the carriage, supported by suitable straps E, foreither ordinary air may be pumped into the lungs or oxygen, or

an anesthetic, or any suitable gas, as de-- sired.

Clhe pumping apparatus comprises essentiall a pressure pump F and anexhaust pump 0-, preferably in the form of glass cylinders, having thepistons H and J, operating in unison, although I am not to be understoodas limiting the invention to any particular form of pumping apparatus.Both cylinders are adapted to communicate alternately with a commonconnection K (Fig. 3) preferably a flexible hose, having a suitable facemask L adapted to be placed over the nose and mouth of the patient. Anysuitable motor, as an electric motor M, may be connected to operate thepump pis tons H and J, and provision is preferably made for operatingthe pumps manually, if desired. Any suitable means may be provided forvarying the speed and direction of rotation of the motoryand such meansare indicated in Figs. 1 and 3, as a controller box or casingv Mconveniently located beneath the motor, and having a controller handle Mextending through the slot M in the box, so that thehandle may be movedlongitudinally in the slot to control the speed and direction ofrotation of the motor. lilo-ans are also provided for varying the strokeof the pistons, and for timing the operation of the apparatus to meetdifferent conditions.

in the apparatus so far described, which may be taken as illustrative ofsuitable means for carrying out the principle of operation upon whichthe inventionis based,

the down stroke of the pistons, draws air or gas from the atmosphere orfrom a tank into the cylinder F and exhausts air from the lungs intocylinder G, while on the up stroke, the air from cylinder F is forcedinto the lungs and the foul air in cylinder G is exhaustedto atmosphere.The action so closely simulatesthe inhalation and exhalation of actualhuman breathing, that apparently hopeless cases of suffocation can berevived. The 00 11am of the inflating and.

exhausting operations is preferably effected by means of two-way valves(not shown in section) in the valve casings O and P above the pumpcylinders, and suitable valve gearing is connected to be operated by theac tuating parts of the apparatus, for auto matically actuating thevalves at the proper times.

The mechanical construction of the apparatus may be as simple asdesired, and l have preferably shown the various parts constructed asfar as possible of glass.

Q represents a washing bottle having the cup R adapted to contain afiltering medium, as cotton, and provided with a water sealed tube. Thebottle tube S connects with the valve casing O, and a branch tube Tconnects the casing O with the common connection K. Another branch tubeU leads from the connection K to the valve casing P, and an outlet tubeV leads to the outlet bottle W' having an outlet X to atmosphere.Preferably arranged at each side of the carriage for convenience, areshown U-shaped pressure gages Y and Z communicating with the pipes U andT respectively.

In order to automatically operate the controlling valves in casings Oand P, I preferably connect the pumping cylinders by a yoke a carryingbearings Z) for a rock shaft 0 connected to the valves, and a verticallymovable rod (Z is connected at one end to the arm 6 on rock shaft 0 by alink f, and connected at the other end to the toggle g having slottedarms pivoted on the lugs'h beneath the shelf B. Stops j and 70 onopposite sides of the revoluble disk 0 cooperate with the arms 7) and 9'respectively connected to the toggle arms 9, so that the toggle is madeand broken alternately, thus vertically moving the rod cl, and rockingthe rock shaft 0 at the proper moment to cause inflating and exhaustingof the lungs. Obviously different forms of apparatus may be devised foraccomplishing the same ends.

The motor M may be provided with a suitable starting boX and reversingswitch (not shown) and may be suitably connected to actuate the pistonrods 1" and s of the pistons H and J, the lower ends of which move inthe socket bearings 10. The motor may be connected to actuate the diskshaft 01 by means of the worm and wheel wm through the agency of theclutch members g z, the member 1] being slidable. The piston rods 9" ands are in this instance operated from the disk 0 by means of a scotchyoke 2, as shown, the wrist pin 3 of which is adjustable radially in theslot 4 (Fig. 4) in the disk 0 to vary the stroke of the pistons H and J.The disk shaft 1) may also be operated manually by disconnecting theclutch members i -z and turning the crank 5 on the shaft 6, which shafthas a pinion 7 meshing with the gear 8 on the disk shaft o. The clutchmember 3 is provided with an engaging arm 9 secured to the verticalshaft 11 having the handle 12 by means of which the shaft 11 may beturned to move the clutch member out of engagement with clutch member 2as shown in the position indicated in Fig. 3.

In case it is desired to use oxygen instead of atmospheric air, aconnection 15 is provided from the tank D leading to the oxygen washingbottle 16, and a connection 17 leads from said bottle 16 to the washingbottle Q. When atmospheric air alone is used, the connection or tube 17is withdrawn from bottle Q, and the neck .18 may be closed with astopper, so that the only inlet for air is through the cup B. Whenoxygen is used from the tank D, the inlet tube from the cup B should beclosed, as with a plug or stopper, and the tube 17 inserted into thebottleQ, so that the source of supply comes from the tank D. Ananesthetic may be used by placing the anesthetic in the bottle 16, or inthe tank D. The bell like receptacle 20 is a reservoir, suspendedfromthe spring scales 21 and connected with the bottom of the oxygen washingbottle 16, so that the quantity of oxygen in said bottle 16 may bedetermined by the level of the liquid, controlled by the liquid in thereservoir 21.

The face mask L shown in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 may be a pear-shaped glasscasing, having a rolled edge 22 adapted to grip a tubular rubber cushionThe crown of the casing or mask is preferably provided with an inlettube 2& having a rubber tube or nipple 25 which may be pinched with aclip 26, so that fluids from the mouth and lungs may be re moved withoutremoving the face mask, if necessary. Figs. 7 and 8 show an adjunct inthe form of a suitable tongue clip to keep the tongue from choking thethroat, and Figs. 9 and 10 show a suitable mouth clip for holding themouth open, it being understood that these operating adjuncts are merelyillustrated to show means for carrying out the complete operations ofthe apparatus.

In the operation of the apparatus, let it be assumed that atmosphericair is to be artificially respirated in the case of a human patient. Thetube 17 is preferably withdrawn from the washing bottle Q, and the neck18 is closed by a stopper. Air may be drawn into the pressure inspiratorcylinder I" through the cup R. The face mask L is placed over the mouthand nose of the patient, and if the motor M is to be started, the clutchmembers g are engaged, and a reciprocating vertical motion is impartedto the pump piston rods and pistons, so that they operate simultaneouslyin the same directions and with the same stroke, although obviouslyother modes of operation might be 1 drained out of the aspirator pump G.

devised. In Figs. 1 and 3, the pistons H and J are shown in theirlowermost position, and upon the upstroke, the valves in casings O and Pare thrown, by the upward movement of rod (Z, into proper position toaomit air from cylinder F to the lungs and exhaust air from cylinderSite the atmosphere. Upon the down stroke of the pistons, the valves areautomatically setto permit air to be drawn into the cylinder F from theatmosphere through cup it, and bottle Q, and the air in the lungs isdrawn into the cylinder G. This cycle of operations continues as long asdesired, and the number of strokes, capacity of the cylinders, andtiming of the apparatus, may be varied and adjusted as desired. Soaccurately can these adjustments be made, that'the actual mechanical andphysical efforts and character :istics of breathing, as applied to thecapacity and peculiarities of difierent individuals, are closelysimulated, without effort on the part of the subject to be treated, sothat the machine breathes forthe patient, and effects results which havenever heretofore been obtained by any other known means.

In Fig. 11 a modified form of apparatus is shown in which the pumps Fand G having the pistons H and J are arranged end to end, one in a planeabove the other, so that liquids coming from the lungs may lip modifiedform of actuating mechanism is also shown preferably driven by areversible electric motor or other suitable, reversible motor. Thecarriage A in Fig. 11 has suitable shelves 2 and 3 in addition to thebottom C on which to mount the parts. The pump F is mounted on shelf 3and pump G is mounted on bottom C, although any other suitablearrangement could be de vised, and only so much of the apparatus isshown as will illustrate the modified form of apparatus, it beingunderstood that the auxiliary chambers, bottles and piping are connectedas before and the functions of the parts are the same as before. Thepiston rods l and 5" are provided with racks 6 and 7 meshing with thepinion 8 mounted on a bracket 9 on shelf 2. Any suitable reversibleelectric motor (not shown) may be connected to operate the pinion 8 inopiosite directions, thereb actuatin the,

up and down. 'A suitable reversing switch 20 is controlled by the rod1a, and by this means the motor is controlled. in order to cause the rodlet to quickly control the valves in casings O and P, a spring togglehaving the legs 21 and 22 is connected to the rod. lhe legs 21 and 22are slidably pivoted to the frame ofthe carriage A by pins 23 and asengaging the slots 25 and 26 and a spring 27v connects the outer ends ofthe legs, while the inner ends are pivoted at 28 to the rod 14. As therod is moved, the toggle is thrown past its center, and the movement ofthe rod is accelerated at each stroke. The piping S, T, U, K and Ycorresponds to the piping S, T, U, K, and Y in the othe figures, and thefunction of the apparatus is the same. A drain pipe to is preferablyconnected with the valve casing P to drain off liquids.

I claim and desire to obtain by Letters Patent the following:

1. Power driven apparatus for producing artificial respiration,comprising a pressure pump, an, exhaust pump, a variable speed motoroperatively connected to actuatesaid pumps, said operative connectionsincluding adjustable means for varying the stroke of said pumps, acommon connection adapted to communicate with said pumps, means foralternately connecting said pumps to said common connection, and anautomatic gear actuated by a moving part of the operative connectionsbetween the motor and the pumps for controlling the operation of saidalternate connecting means.

2. Power driven apparatus for producing artificial respiration,comprising a pressure pump, an exhaust pump, a variable speed motoroperatively connected to actuate said pumps,said operative connectionsincluding adjustable means for varying the stroke of said pumps, acommon connection adapted to communicate with said pumps, means foralternately connecting said pumps to said common connection, and anautomatic gear actuated by a moving part of the operative connectionsbetween the motor and the pumps for controlling the operation of saidalternate connecting means, said automatic gear including means foradjusting the gear to variably time the operation of the pumps.

3. Power driven apparatus for producing artificial respiration,comprising a pressure pump, an exhaust pump, a variable speed reversiblemotor operatively connected to actuate said pumps, said operative meansincluding adjustable means for varying the stroke of said pumps, acommon connection adaptedto communicate with said pumps, means foralternately connecting said pumps to said common connection, anautomatic gear actuated by a moving part of the opera tive connectionsbetween the motor and the pumps for controlling the operation of saidspecification in the presence of two subscribaltei'nate connectlngmeans, and means for 111g Witnesses. alternately reversing the motorsaid reversing means being controlled by a moving part TALTER GLARK' 01the appa 'atus in accordance with the opitnessesz oration of the pumps.HERBERT G. OGDEN,

In testimony whereof I have signed this M. M. RIEMANN.

Copies ot this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

